But, by combining these two strategies into an all-in-one system, a highly effective and long-lasting treatment platform could be created. Ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles are another highly efficient ROS scavenger, though their small size causes them to be cleared from the liver too quickly. Some research has suggested that insulin resistance could be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly unstable, oxygen-based molecules primarily produced by the mitochondria, or the “powerhouses of the cell.” A class of drugs known as mitochondrial uncouplers could help inhibit ROS production at its source, rather than merely cleaning up what’s already been made, as conventional, antioxidant-based treatments do. Currently, no cure exists, and available treatments focus on managing symptoms and blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is no longer sensitive to insulin, which regulates blood sugar. But now, recent research reported in ACS Nano shows that targeting certain highly reactive molecules in the liver can reverse insulin resistance in human liver cells and diabetic mice, providing a pathway toward a more long-lasting treatment. Current therapies can manage blood sugar levels, but they do not address insulin resistance. Although diabetes is a common condition, no cure exists yet.
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